Courses

Courses & Degrees

Each course guide explains who the course suits, eligibility, entrance exams, what you will study, where it is offered, indicative fees and where it can lead. Below them, a directory lists every course mentioned in the career profiles.

Course names, durations and eligibility vary between universities, and fees change every year. Always check with the institution for current details.

Course guides

Course guide

ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants)

A UK-based global accounting qualification popular with students aiming for multinational and international finance roles.

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Course guide

B.Arch (Bachelor of Architecture)

A five-year professional degree in architectural design, building technology and practice, leading to Council of Architecture registration.

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Course guide

B.Com (Bachelor of Commerce)

A three- or four-year degree in accounting, finance, taxation, economics and business law — often combined with CA, CS or CMA.

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Course guide

B.Des (Bachelor of Design)

A four-year design degree open to all streams, with specialisations such as communication, interaction, product, fashion and textile design.

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B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) and ITEP

The teacher-education qualification required for most school teaching posts, including the newer four-year integrated programme.

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B.Optom (Bachelor of Optometry)

A four-year degree training eye-care professionals to test vision, prescribe corrective lenses and detect eye conditions.

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B.P.Ed (Bachelor of Physical Education)

A teacher-education degree preparing physical education teachers and sports professionals.

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B.Pharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy)

A four-year degree in the science, manufacture, testing and safe use of medicines — open to MPC and BiPC students at many institutions.

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Course guide

B.Planning (Bachelor of Planning)

A four-year degree in urban and regional planning — how cities, transport and land use are organised.

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B.Sc (Hons) Agriculture

A four-year professional degree in crop science, soil science, agricultural economics and farm technology.

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B.Sc / B.Des Interior Design

A three- or four-year degree in designing functional and attractive interior spaces.

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B.Sc / BA Animation and VFX

A three- or four-year degree in 2D and 3D animation, visual effects and motion design.

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B.Sc Biotechnology

A three- or four-year science degree in molecular biology, genetics, microbiology and biochemistry, usually followed by an M.Sc.

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B.Sc Computer Science

A three- or four-year science degree in programming, algorithms and computer systems.

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B.Sc Data Science

A three- or four-year science degree combining statistics, mathematics and programming for analytics and data science careers.

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B.Sc Forensic Science

A three- or four-year science degree applying biology, chemistry and physics to legal investigations.

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B.Sc Mathematics

A three- or four-year degree in pure and applied mathematics.

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B.Sc Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT)

A three- or four-year allied health degree training students to perform diagnostic laboratory tests.

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B.Sc Microbiology

A three- or four-year science degree in microorganisms and their role in health, industry and the environment.

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B.Sc Nursing

A four-year professional degree that prepares students to work as registered nurses in hospitals, communities and abroad.

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B.Sc Nutrition and Dietetics

A three- or four-year degree in human nutrition, diet planning and food science.

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B.Sc Physics

A three- or four-year degree in the fundamental laws of nature, from mechanics to quantum physics.

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B.Sc Radiology and Imaging Technology

An allied health degree training technologists to operate X-ray, CT, MRI and other imaging equipment safely.

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B.Sc Statistics

A three- or four-year degree in collecting, analysing and interpreting data — the foundation of data science.

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B.Tech Aerospace / Aeronautical Engineering

A four-year degree in the design and engineering of aircraft, spacecraft and their systems.

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B.Tech Artificial Intelligence and Data Science

A four-year engineering degree built around programming, statistics, machine learning and data engineering.

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B.Tech Biotechnology

A four-year engineering degree applying biology and engineering to bioprocesses, biopharma and industrial biotechnology.

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B.Tech Chemical Engineering

A four-year degree in designing and running processes that turn raw materials into fuels, chemicals, medicines and materials.

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B.Tech Civil Engineering

A four-year degree in designing and building infrastructure — buildings, roads, bridges, water systems.

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B.Tech Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)

India's most popular engineering branch — a four-year degree in programming, algorithms, systems and the foundations of computing.

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B.Tech Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)

A four-year degree in electrical machines, power systems, power electronics and control.

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B.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)

A four-year degree in electronic circuits, chips, embedded systems and communication networks.

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B.Tech Information Technology (IT)

A four-year engineering degree focused on software, networks, databases and applied computing.

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B.Tech Mechanical Engineering

A four-year engineering degree in machines, energy, materials, design and manufacturing.

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B.Tech Robotics Engineering

A four-year engineering degree combining mechanical design, electronics, control systems and programming to build intelligent machines.

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B.V.Sc & AH (Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry)

The professional degree for veterinarians, covering animal health, surgery and animal husbandry.

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BA / B.Sc Economics

A three- or four-year degree in micro- and macroeconomics, statistics and policy.

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BA / B.Sc Psychology

A three- or four-year undergraduate degree in the science of behaviour and mind — the first step towards psychology careers.

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BA English

A three- or four-year degree in English literature and language, building strong reading, writing and analytical skills.

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BA LLB (Integrated Law Degree)

A five-year integrated degree combining humanities with a full professional law curriculum — the most common route into law after Class 12.

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BAMS (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery)

A professional degree in Ayurveda, admitted through NEET-UG, leading to practice as an Ayurvedic physician.

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BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration)

A three- or four-year management degree covering marketing, finance, HR and operations — open to students from all streams.

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BCA (Bachelor of Computer Applications)

A three- or four-year degree in programming and computer applications — a popular, more affordable route into IT.

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BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery)

A five-year professional degree, including internship, that qualifies students to practise as dentists.

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BFA (Bachelor of Fine Arts)

A four-year degree in visual arts — painting, sculpture, applied art, printmaking and more.

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BHM / B.Sc Hospitality and Hotel Administration

A three- or four-year degree in hotel operations, food production, service and hospitality management.

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BHMS (Bachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery)

A professional degree in homoeopathic medicine, admitted through NEET-UG.

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BJMC (Bachelor of Journalism and Mass Communication)

A three- or four-year degree in journalism, media production, advertising and public relations.

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BOT (Bachelor of Occupational Therapy)

A four-and-a-half-year allied health degree training students to help people perform daily activities after illness, injury or disability.

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BPT (Bachelor of Physiotherapy)

A four-and-a-half-year degree (including internship) that trains students to assess and treat movement and physical-function problems.

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BSW (Bachelor of Social Work)

A three- or four-year degree preparing students for professional social work, with extensive fieldwork.

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CA Course (Chartered Accountancy)

The ICAI professional course leading to membership as a Chartered Accountant.

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CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst)

A three-level global qualification in investment analysis and portfolio management.

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CMA Course (Cost and Management Accountancy)

The ICMAI professional course in cost accounting, management accounting and financial management.

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CS Course (Company Secretary)

The ICSI professional course in corporate law, governance and compliance.

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LLB (Three-Year Law Degree)

A three-year professional law degree for graduates of any discipline.

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LLM (Master of Laws)

A postgraduate law degree for specialisation, teaching and research.

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M.Com (Master of Commerce)

A two-year postgraduate degree in advanced accounting, finance, taxation and business.

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M.Tech / M.E. (Master of Technology)

A two-year postgraduate engineering degree for specialisation, research and advanced technical roles.

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MBA / PGDM (Master of Business Administration)

A two-year postgraduate management programme (or one-year for experienced candidates) covering business functions and leadership.

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MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery)

The five-and-a-half-year degree that qualifies students to practise modern medicine in India, including a one-year internship.

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MCA (Master of Computer Applications)

A two-year postgraduate degree in computer applications and software development.

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MD / MS (Postgraduate Medical Degrees)

Three-year postgraduate specialisation degrees for doctors after MBBS.

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Pharm.D (Doctor of Pharmacy)

A six-year clinically focused pharmacy programme, including a year of internship, for hospital and patient-care roles.

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Polytechnic Diploma in Engineering

A three-year practical engineering diploma after Class 10, leading to technician jobs or lateral entry into B.Tech.

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Related guides and comparisons

Career profile

Architect

Designs buildings and spaces that are safe, functional and beautiful, and oversees how they are built.

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Career profile

Biotechnology Professional

Uses living cells, molecules and biological processes to develop medicines, vaccines, diagnostics, crops and industrial products.

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Career profile

Chartered Accountant

Audits, advises and manages finances, tax and compliance for businesses and individuals, as a member of ICAI.

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Career profile

Fashion Designer

Creates clothing, accessories and collections, from concept sketches and fabric choices to finished garments.

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Career profile

Hotel Management Professional

Manages hotels, resorts, restaurants and hospitality services — from front office and food service to kitchens, events and operations.

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Career profile

Lawyer

Advises clients on their legal rights and duties, drafts legal documents and represents people and organisations in courts and negotiations.

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Career profile

Pharmacist

Ensures medicines are made, dispensed and used safely — in pharmacies, hospitals and the pharmaceutical industry.

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Career profile

Physiotherapist

Helps people recover movement and manage pain after injury, surgery or illness through exercise, manual therapy and education.

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Career profile

UI/UX Designer

Designs how digital products look, feel and work, using research to make apps and websites easy and pleasant to use.

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Comparison

BPT vs B.Pharm

Two popular healthcare degrees that lead to very different daily work — hands-on patient rehabilitation versus the science and supply of medicines.

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Comparison

CA vs CS vs CMA

Three respected Indian professional qualifications for commerce students — accounting and audit, corporate law and governance, and costing and management accounting.

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Comparison

B.Tech CSE vs Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

How the classic Computer Science branch compares with the newer AI & Data Science branch — curriculum, flexibility, careers and how to choose.

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Comparison

MBA vs M.Tech After B.Tech

Management breadth or technical depth? How the two most common postgraduate routes for engineers compare, and how to decide.

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Comparison

Psychology vs Psychiatry

Both work in mental health, but psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe, while psychologists specialise in assessment and psychological therapy.

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Exam guide

CUET-UG (Common University Entrance Test)

The common entrance test for undergraduate programmes at central universities and many state, deemed and private universities.

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Guide

Career Options After Class 12 Arts / Humanities

Law, psychology, design, media, economics, public policy, teaching and civil services preparation — the wide landscape open to humanities students.

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Guide

Career Options After B.Com

Jobs, professional qualifications, MBA, M.Com, banking exams, analytics and law — the main routes after a B.Com and how to choose.

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Guide

Career Options After Class 12 BiPC

MBBS is only one of more than a dozen routes after BiPC. This guide covers medical, allied health, life-science, agriculture and non-science options.

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Guide

Career Options After B.Sc

M.Sc, research, data and IT roles, industry jobs, teaching, MBA and government exams — the main paths after a science degree.

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Guide

Career Options After Class 10

An overview of every major route after Class 10 — the three academic streams, polytechnic diplomas, ITI and vocational options — and where each can lead.

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Guide

Career Options After Class 12 Commerce

Professional courses, degrees and careers open to commerce students — including how having Mathematics in Class 12 changes the options.

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Guide

Career Options After Class 12 MPC

Engineering is only one of many routes after MPC. This guide covers engineering, architecture, sciences, computing, defence, design, management and law.

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All courses mentioned in career profiles

Linked course names have a detailed course guide.

Course or qualificationTypical durationConnected career profiles
Airline cadet pilot programmesVariesCommercial Pilot
Airline ticketing and travel industry certificationsWeeks to monthsTravel and Tourism Professional
Any bachelor's degree3–4 yearsIAS Officer (Civil Services)
Any bachelor’s degree (BA, B.Com, B.Sc, BCA, B.Tech, etc.)3–4 yearsPolice Officer
Any degree plus writing practice3–4 yearsContent Writer
Aviation management or related PG courses1–2 yearsAir Traffic Controller
B.Arch5 yearsArchitect, Interior Designer
B.Arch followed by M.Plan5 + 2 yearsUrban Planner
B.Com3–4 yearsDigital Marketing Professional
B.Com (often pursued alongside CA)3–4 yearsChartered Accountant
B.Com / BBA / BA Economics3–4 yearsFinancial Analyst
B.Com / BBA / BA Economics / B.Tech3–4 yearsInvestment Banker
B.Com, BA Economics or B.Tech3–4 yearsActuary
B.Des (Interaction, Communication, or UX Design)4 yearsUI/UX Designer
B.Des Communication / Graphic Design4 yearsGraphic Designer, UI/UX Designer
B.Des Fashion Design4 yearsFashion Designer
B.Des in Animation / Communication Design4 yearsAnimator
B.Des in Interior / Space Design4 yearsInterior Designer
B.Des Interior Design / B.Sc Interior Design3–4 yearsArchitect
B.Des Textile / Accessory / Knitwear Design4 yearsFashion Designer
B.Ed2 years after graduationKindergarten Teacher (Early Childhood Educator), Teacher, Zoologist
B.FTech (Apparel Production)4 yearsFashion Designer
B.Pharm4 yearsPharmacist
B.Pharm or Pharm.D4–6 yearsClinical Research Associate
B.Planning4 yearsArchitect
B.Sc (Hons) Agriculture4 yearsAgricultural Scientist
B.Sc (Physics, Mathematics and a third subject)3 yearsAir Traffic Controller
B.Sc (Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Zoology or Geology)3–4 yearsOceanographer
B.Sc / BA in Film, Television or Multimedia3 yearsVideo Editor
B.Sc / BBA / Postgraduate programmes in Quantity Surveying or Construction Management1–4 yearsQuantity Surveyor
B.Sc / BCA with game-development specialisation3–4 yearsGame Developer
B.Sc / M.Sc in Life Sciences, Biotechnology or Microbiology3–5 yearsClinical Research Associate
B.Sc Actuarial Science / B.Sc Statistics or Mathematics3–4 yearsActuary
B.Sc Animation / BDes in game design3–4 yearsGame Developer
B.Sc Aviation3 yearsCommercial Pilot
B.Sc Biotechnology3–4 yearsBiotechnology Professional
B.Sc Computer Science3–4 yearsCloud Engineer, Mobile App Developer, QA / Software Test Engineer, Software Engineer, Web Developer
B.Sc Cyber Security / Forensic Science3–4 yearsCybersecurity Specialist
B.Sc Data Science3–4 yearsData Scientist
B.Sc Data Science or B.Tech AI & Data Science3–4 yearsData Analyst
B.Sc Environmental Science (or B.Sc with Chemistry/Biology/Geology)3–4 yearsEnvironmental Scientist
B.Sc Forensic Science3–4 yearsForensic Scientist
B.Sc Forensic Science / Criminology3 yearsPolice Officer
B.Sc Geology (or B.Sc with Geology as a subject)3–4 yearsGeologist
B.Sc Hospitality and Hotel Administration3 yearsHotel Management Professional
B.Sc in Animation / Animation and Multimedia3 years (some are 4-year honours)Animator
B.Sc in Interior Design3 yearsInterior Designer
B.Sc Mathematics / Statistics / Data Science3–4 yearsAI / Machine Learning Engineer
B.Sc Mathematics or Data Science3–4 yearsStatistician
B.Sc Microbiology3–4 yearsMicrobiologist
B.Sc Microbiology / Biochemistry / Genetics3–4 yearsBiotechnology Professional
B.Sc Nautical Science3 yearsMerchant Navy Officer
B.Sc Nursing4 yearsNurse
B.Sc Nutrition and Dietetics / Food Science and Nutrition / Home Science3–4 yearsDietitian and Nutritionist
B.Sc Radiology and Imaging Technology / Medical Imaging Technology3–4 years (including internship at many universities)X-Ray Technologist (Radiographer)
B.Sc Statistics / B.Stat3–4 yearsStatistician
B.Sc Statistics / Mathematics3–4 yearsData Analyst, Data Scientist
B.Sc with Zoology (e.g., BZC, CBZ, Zoology Hons)3–4 yearsZoologist
B.Sc Yoga / Yoga Therapy / Yoga Science3–4 yearsYoga Therapist
B.Sc Zoology / Life Sciences / Forestry3–4 yearsWildlife Biologist
B.Sc/M.Sc Biotechnology or Life Sciences3–5 yearsMicrobiologist
B.Sc/M.Sc in Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biotechnology or Physics3–5 yearsForensic Scientist
B.Stat / B.Math (Indian Statistical Institute)3 yearsData Scientist
B.Tech (Mechanical, Industrial or related)4 yearsLogistics and Supply Chain Manager
B.Tech / B.E. (any branch with Physics and Maths in the curriculum)4 yearsAir Traffic Controller
B.Tech / B.E. Biotechnology4 yearsBiotechnology Professional
B.Tech / B.E. Civil Engineering4 yearsQuantity Surveyor
B.Tech / M.Tech Environmental Engineering4 / 2 yearsEnvironmental Scientist
B.Tech Artificial Intelligence and Data Science4 yearsAI / Machine Learning Engineer, Data Scientist, Software Engineer
B.Tech Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning4 yearsAI / Machine Learning Engineer
B.Tech Biotechnology4 yearsBiomedical Engineer
B.Tech Civil followed by M.Plan4 + 2 yearsUrban Planner
B.Tech Cyber Security (or CSE with Cyber Security)4 yearsCybersecurity Specialist
B.Tech Electrical and Electronics Engineering4 yearsElectronics and Communication Engineer
B.Tech Electronics (VLSI Design and Technology)4 yearsElectronics and Communication Engineer
B.Tech Electronics and Communication4 yearsCloud Engineer
B.Tech Electronics and Communication / Electrical Engineering4 yearsRobotics Engineer
B.Tech Electronics and Communication / Instrumentation4 yearsBiomedical Engineer
B.Tech Marine Engineering4 yearsMerchant Navy Officer
B.Tech Mechatronics4 yearsMechanical Engineer, Robotics Engineer
B.Tech Robotics and Automation4 yearsRobotics Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. (any branch) or BCA3–4 yearsData Analyst
B.Tech/B.E. (CSE, IT or other branches)4 yearsProduct Manager, QA / Software Test Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Biomedical Engineering4 yearsBiomedical Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Civil Engineering4 yearsCivil Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Computer Science4 yearsGame Developer
B.Tech/B.E. Computer Science and Engineering4 yearsAI / Machine Learning Engineer, Cybersecurity Specialist, Data Scientist, Robotics Engineer, Software Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Computer Science or Information Technology4 yearsCloud Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Computer Science or IT4 yearsMobile App Developer, Network Engineer, Web Developer
B.Tech/B.E. Electronics and Communication4 yearsNetwork Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering4 yearsElectronics and Communication Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Information Technology4 yearsSoftware Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. Mechanical Engineering4 yearsMechanical Engineer, Robotics Engineer
B.Tech/B.E. or BCA3–4 yearsBusiness Analyst
B.V.Sc & AHAbout 5.5 years including internshipVeterinarian
BA / B.Sc Economics (Honours)3–4 yearsEconomist
BA / B.Sc in Child Development or Psychology3 yearsKindergarten Teacher (Early Childhood Educator)
BA / B.Sc in Photography or Visual Communication3 yearsPhotographer
BA / B.Sc Psychology3–4 yearsPsychologist
BA / BJMC3 yearsMarketing Manager
BA English / BA in Languages3 yearsContent Writer
BA in a foreign or Indian language / BA English3 yearsTranslator and Interpreter
BA in humanities / social sciences3–4 yearsIAS Officer (Civil Services)
BA LLB / BBA LLB / B.Com LLB / B.Sc LLB (integrated)5 yearsLawyer
BA Mass Communication / Journalism / BMM3–4 yearsDigital Marketing Professional
BA with Public Administration, Political Science or Sociology3 yearsPolice Officer
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)5 years (4 years + 1-year internship)Dentist
Bachelor of Hotel Management (BHM)3–4 yearsEvent Manager
Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (BOT)4.5 years (4 years + 6-month internship)Occupational Therapist
Bachelor of Optometry (B.Optom)4 years (commonly 3 years + 1-year internship)Optometrist
Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT)4.5 years (4 years + 6-month internship)Physiotherapist
Bachelor of Planning (B.Plan)4 yearsUrban Planner
Bachelor's in Culinary Arts3–4 yearsChef, Hotel Management Professional
Bachelor's in Fine Arts (BFA) / Applied Arts4 yearsUI/UX Designer
Bakery and pastry diplomasMonths–1 yearChef
BASLP (Bachelor in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology)4 years (3 years + 1-year internship)Speech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist
BBA3–4 yearsBusiness Analyst
BBA (Logistics / Supply Chain) / B.Com3–4 yearsLogistics and Supply Chain Manager
BBA / B.Com / BA (Psychology, Sociology)3–4 yearsHuman Resources (HR) Manager
BBA / BMS3–4 yearsDigital Marketing Professional
BBA / BMS / B.Com3–4 yearsMarketing Manager
BBA in Event Management / Hospitality3–4 yearsEvent Manager
BBA or BCom3–4 yearsProduct Manager
BCA3–4 yearsCybersecurity Specialist, Mobile App Developer, QA / Software Test Engineer, Software Engineer, Web Developer
BCA followed by MCA3–4 + 2 yearsCloud Engineer
BCA or B.Sc (Computer Science / IT)3–4 yearsNetwork Engineer
BCom3 yearsBusiness Analyst
BCom / BBA / BA Economics3 yearsData Analyst
BDes or design degrees4 yearsProduct Manager
BFA (Applied Art / Animation)4 yearsAnimator
BFA Applied Art4 yearsGraphic Designer
BFA in Photography / Applied Art4 yearsPhotographer
BHM (Bachelor of Hotel Management)3–4 yearsHotel Management Professional
BHM / B.Sc in Hospitality and Hotel Administration3–4 yearsChef
BHM / hospitality degrees3–4 yearsTravel and Tourism Professional
BJMC / BA in Mass Communication3 yearsVideo Editor
BJMC / BA Journalism and Mass Communication3 yearsJournalist
BJMC / Mass Communication3 yearsContent Writer, Event Manager
BJMC with photojournalism3 yearsPhotographer
BLISc (Bachelor of Library and Information Science)1 yearLibrarian
BNYS (Bachelor of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences)5.5 years including internshipYoga Therapist
BS in Data Science and Applications (IIT Madras, online)Flexible, multiple exit levelsData Scientist
BS-MS (integrated) / B.Sc / B.Tech4–5 yearsResearch Scientist
BTTM / BBA in Tourism and Travel Management3 yearsTravel and Tourism Professional
Business analysis certificationsVariesBusiness Analyst
CA FinalExam after training requirementsChartered Accountant
CA FoundationAbout 4–6 months of study after registrationChartered Accountant
CA IntermediateAbout 8–12 months of studyChartered Accountant
CA, CMA or ACCASeveral yearsFinancial Analyst
Certificate / Diploma in Library Science6 months–1 yearLibrarian
Certificate / diploma in photography3 months–1 yearPhotographer
Certificate and diploma courses in foreign languagesMonths to 2 yearsTranslator and Interpreter
Certificate and fellowship courses (implants, aesthetics, endodontics, etc.)Weeks to a yearDentist
Certificate courses (manual therapy, dry needling, sports taping, etc.)Days to monthsPhysiotherapist
Certificate courses (sensory integration, hand therapy, early intervention, etc.)Weeks to monthsOccupational Therapist
Certificate courses in content writing, SEO or copywritingWeeks to monthsContent Writer
Certificate courses in sports or diabetes nutritionMonthsDietitian and Nutritionist
CFA ProgramTypically several years, in three levelsFinancial Analyst, Investment Banker
Chartered Accountancy (CA)Several yearsInvestment Banker
Cloud platform certificationsWeeks to months eachCloud Engineer
Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) trainingAbout 1.5–2 years, depending on weather and schedulingCommercial Pilot
Construction or project management programmes1–2 yearsCivil Engineer
CT, MRI and mammography certificationsMonthsX-Ray Technologist (Radiographer)
D.El.Ed2 yearsTeacher
D.El.Ed (Diploma in Elementary Education)2 yearsKindergarten Teacher (Early Childhood Educator)
D.Pharm2 years plus practical trainingPharmacist
Digital marketing certificate programmes1–6 monthsDigital Marketing Professional
Digital marketing certificationsWeeks to monthsMarketing Manager
Diploma / advanced diploma programmes1–2 yearsAnimator
Diploma / craft course in food production1–2 yearsChef
Diploma / craft courses in food production or bakery6 months–1.5 yearsHotel Management Professional
Diploma / PG Diploma in Event Management6 months–2 yearsEvent Manager
Diploma in Civil Engineering3 yearsCivil Engineer, Quantity Surveyor
Diploma in Computer Engineering3 yearsWeb Developer
Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) / Nursery Teacher Training (NTT)1–2 yearsKindergarten Teacher (Early Childhood Educator)
Diploma in Electronics / Computer Engineering3 yearsNetwork Engineer
Diploma in Graphic Design1–2 yearsGraphic Designer
Diploma in Hearing, Language and Speech (DHLS)1 yearSpeech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist
Diploma in Interior Design1–3 yearsInterior Designer
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering3 yearsMechanical Engineer
Diploma in Medical Radiography / Radiology Technology2 yearsX-Ray Technologist (Radiographer)
Diploma in Nautical Science (DNS)1 year + sea timeMerchant Navy Officer
Diploma in Optometry / Ophthalmic Assistance2 yearsOptometrist
Diploma in Travel and Tourism6 months–1 yearTravel and Tourism Professional
Diploma in veterinary pharmacy / livestock assistance1–2 yearsVeterinarian
Diploma or PG diploma in Film Editing1–3 yearsVideo Editor
Diplomas in logistics, shipping or export–import6 months–2 yearsLogistics and Supply Chain Manager
Diplomas in specific law areas (cyber law, IP, taxation)Months to 1 yearLawyer
DM / MCh3 yearsDoctor (Medical Practitioner)
DNB (Diplomate of National Board)3 yearsDoctor (Medical Practitioner)
Employer-provided ATC trainingSeveral months, followed by on-the-job trainingAir Traffic Controller
Fellowships and certificate coursesVariesDoctor (Medical Practitioner)
Fellowships in contact lenses, paediatric optometry or low visionMonths to a yearOptometrist
Financial modelling and analytics certificatesWeeks to monthsFinancial Analyst
Financial modelling coursesWeeks to monthsInvestment Banker
GCP and pharmacovigilance certificate coursesWeeks to monthsClinical Research Associate
GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery)3 yearsNurse
HR certificationsWeeks to monthsHuman Resources (HR) Manager
IAI professional examsSeveral years, taken in stagesActuary
Industry certificationsWeeks to months eachCybersecurity Specialist
Integrated BLISc–MLISc2 yearsLibrarian
Integrated law degree (BA LLB, BBA LLB, etc.)5 years after Class 12Judicial Services Officer (Judge)
Integrated M.Sc / M.Tech Applied Geology or Geophysics5 yearsGeologist
Integrated MA / M.Sc Economics5 yearsEconomist
Integrated management programmes5 yearsMarketing Manager
Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP)4 yearsTeacher
Judicial services coaching or self-studyMonths to yearsJudicial Services Officer (Judge)
LLB3 yearsLawyer, Police Officer
LLB (3-year)3 years after graduationJudicial Services Officer (Judge)
LLM1–2 yearsJudicial Services Officer (Judge), Lawyer
Localisation and subtitling coursesWeeks to monthsTranslator and Interpreter
M.Arch2 yearsArchitect
M.Des (Interaction Design / UX)2 yearsUI/UX Designer
M.Des / M.FTech / MFM2 yearsFashion Designer
M.Des / M.Sc Interior Design2 yearsInterior Designer
M.Des / MA in Animation2 yearsAnimator
M.Des Communication Design2 yearsGraphic Designer
M.Ed2 yearsTeacher
M.Pharm2 yearsPharmacist
M.Sc (Agriculture) in agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, entomology, pathology, extension or economics2 yearsAgricultural Scientist
M.Sc / M.Stat Statistics2 yearsStatistician
M.Sc / M.Tech2 yearsResearch Scientist
M.Sc Actuarial Science / Statistics2 yearsActuary
M.Sc Audiology / M.Sc Speech-Language Pathology / MASLP2 yearsSpeech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist
M.Sc Biostatistics or Applied Statistics2 yearsStatistician
M.Sc Biotechnology2 yearsBiotechnology Professional
M.Sc Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics or Food and Nutrition2 yearsDietitian and Nutritionist
M.Sc Environmental Science2 yearsEnvironmental Scientist
M.Sc Forensic Science2 yearsForensic Scientist
M.Sc Geology / Applied Geology2 yearsGeologist
M.Sc in specialised areas (Fisheries, Entomology, Genetics, Marine Biology)2 yearsZoologist
M.Sc Medical Imaging Technology or Radiology2 yearsX-Ray Technologist (Radiographer)
M.Sc Microbiology / Medical / Industrial / Applied Microbiology2 yearsMicrobiologist
M.Sc Nursing2 yearsNurse
M.Sc Oceanography / Marine Science / Marine Biology2 yearsOceanographer
M.Sc Statistics / Data Science / Applied Mathematics2 yearsData Scientist
M.Sc Wildlife Science / Ecology / Conservation Biology2 yearsWildlife Biologist
M.Sc Yoga Therapy / MA Yoga2 yearsYoga Therapist
M.Sc Zoology2 yearsWildlife Biologist, Zoologist
M.Tech (Design, Thermal, Manufacturing, etc.)2 yearsMechanical Engineer
M.Tech (Geo-exploration, Petroleum Geoscience, Engineering Geology)2 yearsGeologist
M.Tech (Structural, Geotechnical, Transportation, Environmental etc.)2 yearsCivil Engineer
M.Tech / M.Sc Cyber Security2 yearsCybersecurity Specialist
M.Tech / MS in AI, Machine Learning or Computer Science2 yearsAI / Machine Learning Engineer
M.Tech / MS Robotics2 yearsRobotics Engineer
M.Tech Biomedical Engineering2 yearsBiomedical Engineer
M.Tech Biotechnology2 yearsBiotechnology Professional
M.Tech Computer Science2 yearsSoftware Engineer
M.Tech Ocean Technology or Atmospheric & Ocean Sciences2 yearsOceanographer
M.Tech VLSI / Embedded Systems / Communication2 yearsElectronics and Communication Engineer
M.V.Sc2 yearsVeterinarian
MA / M.Sc Economics2 yearsEconomist
MA / M.Sc Psychology (clinical, counselling, organisational, etc.)2 yearsPsychologist
MA English / MA Mass Communication2 yearsContent Writer
MA in a language or in Translation Studies2 yearsTranslator and Interpreter
MA in Human Resource Management / Personnel Management2 yearsHuman Resources (HR) Manager
MA Journalism / Mass Communication2 yearsJournalist
Master of Dental Surgery (MDS)3 yearsDentist
Master of Occupational Therapy (MOT)2 yearsOccupational Therapist
Master of Optometry (M.Optom)2 yearsOptometrist
Master of Physiotherapy (MPT)2 yearsPhysiotherapist
Master of Planning (M.Plan)2 yearsArchitect
Master of Planning (M.Plan) — urban, regional, transport, housing or environmental planning2 yearsUrban Planner
Master of Public Health or hospital administration1–2 yearsDentist
Master of Social Work (HR / labour welfare)2 yearsHuman Resources (HR) Manager
MBA (Business Analytics) or M.Sc Statistics/Data Science2 yearsData Analyst
MBA / MHM in Hospitality2 yearsHotel Management Professional
MBA / PGDM2 yearsBusiness Analyst, Product Manager
MBA / PGDM (Marketing)2 yearsDigital Marketing Professional
MBA / PGDM in Finance2 yearsFinancial Analyst, Investment Banker
MBA / PGDM in Human Resources2 yearsHuman Resources (HR) Manager
MBA / PGDM in Marketing2 yearsMarketing Manager
MBA / PGDM in Operations, Supply Chain or Logistics2 yearsLogistics and Supply Chain Manager
MBA in Pharmaceutical Management2 yearsPharmacist
MBA with events, marketing or hospitality focus2 yearsEvent Manager
MBBSAbout 5.5 years, including a one-year internshipDoctor (Medical Practitioner)
MCA2 yearsMobile App Developer, QA / Software Test Engineer, Software Engineer, Web Developer
MD / MS3 yearsDoctor (Medical Practitioner)
MLISc (Master of Library and Information Science)1 yearLibrarian
Montessori teacher trainingMonths to 1 yearKindergarten Teacher (Early Childhood Educator)
MTTM / MBA in Tourism2 yearsTravel and Tourism Professional
Networking certificationsWeeks to months eachNetwork Engineer
Online and short certificate coursesWeeks to monthsVideo Editor
PG Diploma / M.Sc in Clinical Research1–2 yearsClinical Research Associate
PG Diploma in Dietetics and Public Health Nutrition1 yearDietitian and Nutritionist
PG Diploma in Journalism1 yearJournalist
PG Diploma in Translation / Interpretation1 yearTranslator and Interpreter
PG Diploma in Yoga Therapy / certificate coursesMonths to 1 yearYoga Therapist
PG diploma or specialised programmes in cyber forensics, fingerprint or document examination1 yearForensic Scientist
PG diplomas in EIA, GIS, sustainability or ESG6 months–1 yearEnvironmental Scientist
Pharm.D6 years (including internship)Pharmacist
PhD4–6 yearsBiotechnology Professional, Environmental Scientist, Geologist, Research Scientist, Wildlife Biologist, Zoologist
PhD in agricultural sciences3–5 yearsAgricultural Scientist
PhD in Economics4–6 yearsEconomist
PhD in Law3–5 yearsLawyer
PhD in Library and Information Science3–5 yearsLibrarian
PhD in Machine Learning or related field3–5 yearsAI / Machine Learning Engineer
PhD in Microbiology3–5 yearsMicrobiologist
PhD in Occupational Therapy or rehabilitation sciences3–5 yearsOccupational Therapist
PhD in ocean sciences3–5 yearsOceanographer
PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences3–5 yearsPharmacist
PhD in Physiotherapy3–5 yearsPhysiotherapist
PhD in planning3–5 yearsUrban Planner
PhD in Psychology3–5 yearsPsychologist
PhD in Speech and Hearing3–5 yearsSpeech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist
PhD in Statistics3–5 yearsStatistician
Police training academy programmeSeveral months to about a year or morePolice Officer
Post Basic B.Sc Nursing2 yearsNurse
Postdoctoral research2–6 yearsResearch Scientist
Postgraduate diplomas (e.g., counselling, rehabilitation psychology)1 yearPsychologist
Postgraduate programmes in Business Analytics1–2 yearsData Scientist
Practical training (articleship)Currently 2 years under ICAI's schemeChartered Accountant
Professional membership pathways (for example RICS)VariesQuantity Surveyor
Professional UX certificate programmes3–12 monthsUI/UX Designer
RCI-recognised professional programme in Clinical PsychologyVaries by programmePsychologist
Related degrees — B.Tech Agricultural Engineering, B.Sc Horticulture, B.Sc Forestry4 yearsAgricultural Scientist
Short courses in cuisines or food safetyWeeks to monthsChef
Short courses in game enginesWeeks to monthsGame Developer
Short courses in R, Python, SQL and Excel modellingWeeks to monthsActuary
Short product management coursesWeeks to monthsProduct Manager
Software testing certificationsWeeks to monthsQA / Software Test Engineer
Supply chain certificationsWeeks to monthsLogistics and Supply Chain Manager
Type ratingWeeks to monthsCommercial Pilot